The Haber-Bosch process is used to synthesize ammonia NH3 from nitrogen N2 and hydrogen H2 gases, which can then be used to produce nitrogen-based fertilizers like urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate. The optimal chemical composition for this process is a stoichiometric ratio of 1:3 for nitrogen to hydrogen N2 + 3H2 2NH3 .The process conditions for the Haber-Bosch process to achieve high yield and cost-effectiveness are as follows:1. Pressure: High pressure, typically between 150-300 atmospheres atm , is required to shift the equilibrium towards the formation of ammonia. Higher pressures favor the forward reaction, but the cost of maintaining such high pressures must be considered.2. Temperature: The optimal temperature range for the Haber-Bosch process is between 400-500C. Lower temperatures favor the formation of ammonia, but the reaction rate is slower. Higher temperatures increase the reaction rate but decrease the yield due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. A compromise temperature is chosen to balance yield and reaction rate.3. Catalyst: The use of an iron-based catalyst, often promoted with potassium, aluminum, or other metals, is essential for increasing the reaction rate and achieving a high yield of ammonia. The catalyst lowers the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.4. Recycle of unreacted gases: Since the Haber-Bosch process does not achieve 100% conversion of nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia in a single pass, unreacted gases are recycled back into the reactor to improve the overall yield and efficiency of the process.By optimizing these process conditions, the Haber-Bosch process can produce ammonia with high yield and cost-effectiveness, which can then be used to manufacture nitrogen-based fertilizers for agricultural applications.