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What is the mechanism of electrophilic addition reaction of chlorine with ethene? Draw the reaction mechanism and identify the major product formed.

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The electrophilic addition reaction of chlorine  Cl2  with ethene  C2H4  involves the following steps:1. Formation of the electrophile: Chlorine molecule  Cl2  is a non-polar molecule, but it can be polarized by the electron-rich double bond of ethene. The polarization of the chlorine molecule leads to the formation of a positively charged chlorine electrophile  Cl+  and a negatively charged chlorine anion  Cl- .Cl2  Cl+ + Cl-2. Attack of the electrophile on the double bond: The positively charged chlorine electrophile  Cl+  attacks the electron-rich double bond of ethene  C2H4 . This results in the formation of a carbocation intermediate and the breaking of the double bond.C2H4 + Cl+  [C2H4Cl]+3. Capture of the carbocation by the nucleophile: The negatively charged chlorine anion  Cl-  formed in the first step acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbocation intermediate, forming a new bond with the positively charged carbon atom.[C2H4Cl]+ + Cl-  C2H4Cl2The major product formed in this reaction is 1,2-dichloroethane  C2H4Cl2 , which is an alkyl halide. The reaction mechanism can be visualized as follows:      Cl2       |C=C + Cl-Cl  Cl-C-C-Cl  |         | H H       H H
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