The electrical conductivity of polymer-based electronic materials is significantly influenced by the monomer structure. Monomers are the building blocks of polymers, and their structure plays a crucial role in determining the electronic properties of the resulting polymer. Here are some ways in which the monomer structure affects the electrical conductivity of polymer-based electronic materials:1. Conjugation: Conjugated monomers, which contain alternating single and double bonds, allow for better electron delocalization along the polymer chain. This delocalization of electrons leads to higher electrical conductivity in the resulting polymer. For example, conjugated polymers like polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polythiophene exhibit higher electrical conductivity compared to non-conjugated polymers.2. Molecular orbital overlap: The extent of overlap between the molecular orbitals of adjacent monomers in a polymer chain affects the ease with which electrons can move along the chain. Greater overlap results in better electron mobility and higher electrical conductivity. Monomers with planar structures, such as those found in polyacetylene and polythiophene, tend to have better orbital overlap and thus higher conductivity.3. Substituents: The presence of substituents on the monomer structure can also impact the electrical conductivity of the resulting polymer. Electron-donating or withdrawing groups can modify the electronic properties of the polymer by altering the energy levels of the molecular orbitals. For example, the addition of alkyl or aryl side groups to a conjugated polymer can increase its solubility and processability, but may also decrease its electrical conductivity by disrupting the conjugation and orbital overlap.4. Polymerization degree: The degree of polymerization, or the number of monomer units in a polymer chain, can also affect the electrical conductivity. Longer polymer chains typically result in better electron transport and higher conductivity. However, the degree of polymerization is often influenced by the monomer structure, as some monomers are more prone to forming long chains than others.5. Structural defects: The presence of structural defects, such as breaks in the conjugation or irregularities in the polymer chain, can significantly impact the electrical conductivity of polymer-based electronic materials. Monomers that are more prone to forming defects during polymerization can lead to polymers with lower electrical conductivity.In summary, the monomer structure plays a critical role in determining the electrical conductivity of polymer-based electronic materials. Factors such as conjugation, molecular orbital overlap, substituents, polymerization degree, and structural defects all contribute to the overall conductivity of the resulting polymer. By carefully designing and selecting monomers with the desired properties, it is possible to create polymer-based electronic materials with tailored electrical conductivities for various applications.