The effect of temperature on the surface tension of a lipid bilayer in a biomembrane is significant. As temperature increases, the surface tension of the lipid bilayer generally decreases. This is because the lipids in the bilayer become more fluid and mobile at higher temperatures, which leads to a reduction in surface tension. Conversely, as temperature decreases, the surface tension of the lipid bilayer increases as the lipids become more rigid and less mobile.The change in surface tension due to temperature affects the membrane integrity and permeability in several ways:1. Membrane fluidity: As mentioned earlier, an increase in temperature leads to increased fluidity of the lipid bilayer. This increased fluidity can affect the overall structure and integrity of the membrane, making it more susceptible to mechanical stress and damage.2. Protein function: Membrane proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer and play crucial roles in various cellular processes, including transport, signaling, and enzymatic reactions. Changes in membrane fluidity due to temperature can affect the conformation and function of these proteins, which may lead to altered cellular functions.3. Permeability: The permeability of a biomembrane is directly related to its fluidity. At higher temperatures, the increased fluidity of the lipid bilayer allows for easier passage of small molecules and ions across the membrane. This can lead to changes in the concentration gradients of various substances within and outside the cell, potentially affecting cellular functions.4. Phase transitions: Lipids in the bilayer can undergo phase transitions in response to changes in temperature. For example, lipids can transition from a gel-like state L phase to a more fluid state L phase as temperature increases. These phase transitions can affect the overall integrity and permeability of the membrane.5. Lipid composition: The effect of temperature on surface tension and membrane properties can also be influenced by the specific lipid composition of the bilayer. Some lipids, such as unsaturated fatty acids, have lower melting points and can maintain membrane fluidity at lower temperatures. Cells can modulate their lipid composition in response to temperature changes to maintain optimal membrane properties.In summary, temperature has a significant effect on the surface tension of a lipid bilayer in a biomembrane, which in turn affects membrane integrity and permeability. These changes can have various consequences on cellular functions and processes, highlighting the importance of maintaining optimal membrane properties under different environmental conditions.