0 votes
26 views
ago in Chemical equilibrium by (139k points)
What is the effect of increasing the temperature on the equilibrium constant (K) for the formation of a complex ion when the reaction is exothermic? Provide numerical justification with an appropriate example.

1 Answer

0 votes
ago by (270 points)
The effect of increasing the temperature on the equilibrium constant  K  for an exothermic reaction can be explained using the Van't Hoff equation:d lnK  / d 1/T  = -H/Rwhere K is the equilibrium constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, H is the standard enthalpy change of the reaction, and R is the gas constant  8.314 J/molK .For an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change  H  is negative. According to the Van't Hoff equation, if H is negative, then the relationship between lnK and 1/T is positive. This means that as the temperature  T  increases, the value of 1/T decreases, and the equilibrium constant  K  decreases as well.Let's consider the formation of a complex ion, such as the formation of hexaaquacopper II  ion from copper II  sulfate:Cu aq  + 6HO l   [Cu HO ] aq Assume that the standard enthalpy change  H  for this reaction is -20 kJ/mol  an arbitrary value for illustration purposes . We can use the Van't Hoff equation to calculate the effect of increasing the temperature on the equilibrium constant  K .Let's compare the equilibrium constants at two different temperatures: 298 K  25C  and 323 K  50C .First, we need to integrate the Van't Hoff equation: d lnK   = -H/R  d 1/T  ln K/K  = -H/R  1/T - 1/T Now, we can plug in the values:ln K/K  = - -20,000 J/mol  /  8.314 J/molK   1/323 K - 1/298 K ln K/K  = 1.47K/K = e.  4.34This result indicates that the equilibrium constant  K  at 50C  K  is approximately 4.34 times smaller than the equilibrium constant at 25C  K . Therefore, increasing the temperature for this exothermic reaction decreases the equilibrium constant  K , which means that the formation of the complex ion is less favorable at higher temperatures.

Related questions

Welcome to Sarvan Science Q&A, where you can ask questions and receive answers from other members of the community.
...