The concentration of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide CO2 , plays a significant role in affecting the Earth's temperature. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere through a process called the greenhouse effect, which is essential for maintaining the Earth's habitable temperature. However, an increase in the concentration of these gases can lead to global warming and climate change.The greenhouse effect works as follows:1. Solar radiation from the sun reaches the Earth's surface, warming it up.2. The Earth's surface emits infrared radiation IR back into the atmosphere.3. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide, absorb some of this infrared radiation.4. The absorbed IR radiation causes the greenhouse gas molecules to vibrate and gain energy, which is then re-emitted in all directions, including back towards the Earth's surface.5. This re-emission of IR radiation back to the Earth's surface results in additional warming, known as the greenhouse effect.The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. This increase in CO2 concentration enhances the greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in the Earth's average temperature, known as global warming.The chemical processes involved in the greenhouse effect are mainly based on the absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by greenhouse gas molecules. The molecular structure of these gases allows them to absorb specific wavelengths of IR radiation. For example, carbon dioxide molecules can absorb IR radiation in the range of 13-17 micrometers, which corresponds to the wavelengths of radiation emitted by the Earth's surface.When a greenhouse gas molecule absorbs IR radiation, it undergoes a transition to a higher energy state. This energy is then redistributed within the molecule through vibrational and rotational motions. Eventually, the molecule returns to its original energy state by re-emitting the absorbed energy as IR radiation. This process of absorption and re-emission is what traps heat in the Earth's atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect.In conclusion, the concentration of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide, affects the Earth's temperature by enhancing the greenhouse effect. The chemical processes involved in trapping heat in the atmosphere include the absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by greenhouse gas molecules. Increased CO2 concentration due to human activities has led to global warming and poses a significant challenge to the Earth's climate system.