The adsorption efficiency of activated carbon in removing a specific pollutant from water is influenced by several factors, including the concentration of the pollutant and the temperature of the system. Here, we will discuss the effects of these two factors on the adsorption process.1. Effect of concentration:The concentration of the pollutant in water plays a significant role in the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon. In general, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon increases with an increase in the initial concentration of the pollutant. This is because a higher concentration of the pollutant provides a greater driving force for the adsorption process, leading to more pollutant molecules being adsorbed onto the activated carbon surface.However, there is a limit to the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. As the concentration of the pollutant increases, the available adsorption sites on the activated carbon surface become saturated, and the adsorption efficiency starts to decline. This saturation point varies depending on the specific pollutant and the properties of the activated carbon used.2. Effect of temperature:Temperature also has a significant impact on the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon. The effect of temperature on adsorption can be either endothermic or exothermic, depending on the nature of the adsorption process and the specific pollutant involved.a Endothermic adsorption: In endothermic adsorption, the adsorption process requires energy input, and the adsorption capacity increases with increasing temperature. This is because higher temperatures provide the necessary energy for the adsorption process to occur, allowing more pollutant molecules to be adsorbed onto the activated carbon surface. Additionally, increasing temperature can also increase the diffusion rate of the pollutant molecules, leading to a faster adsorption process.b Exothermic adsorption: In exothermic adsorption, the adsorption process releases energy, and the adsorption capacity decreases with increasing temperature. This is because higher temperatures can cause the desorption of pollutant molecules from the activated carbon surface, reducing the overall adsorption efficiency. In this case, lower temperatures are more favorable for the adsorption process.In conclusion, the adsorption efficiency of activated carbon in removing a specific pollutant from water is influenced by both the concentration of the pollutant and the temperature of the system. Higher initial concentrations generally lead to increased adsorption capacity, while the effect of temperature depends on the nature of the adsorption process endothermic or exothermic . To optimize the adsorption efficiency, it is essential to consider these factors and tailor the adsorption conditions accordingly.