Synthesis of 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid from benzoic acid and nitric acid can be achieved through a nitration reaction. Here is a step-by-step procedure for the synthesis, along with appropriate safety precautions:**Materials and Reagents:**1. Benzoic acid2. Concentrated nitric acid HNO3 3. Concentrated sulfuric acid H2SO4 4. Ice bath5. Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 6. Distilled water**Equipment:**1. Round-bottom flask2. Stirring bar3. Magnetic stirrer4. Separatory funnel5. Beaker6. Filter paper7. Vacuum filtration setup**Procedure:**1. Set up an ice bath to cool the reaction mixture throughout the process.2. In a round-bottom flask, add a stirring bar and a measured amount of benzoic acid.3. Slowly and carefully add an equimolar amount of concentrated nitric acid to the flask, while stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer. Make sure to add the nitric acid dropwise to avoid a violent reaction.4. Next, slowly and carefully add an equimolar amount of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask, while stirring the mixture on a magnetic stirrer. Again, add the sulfuric acid dropwise to avoid a violent reaction.5. Continue stirring the mixture for 1-2 hours at room temperature.6. After the reaction is complete, carefully pour the reaction mixture into a separatory funnel containing a mixture of ice and water. This will help to quench the reaction and precipitate the product.7. Add a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate to the separatory funnel to neutralize the excess acid. Be cautious, as this may cause the release of carbon dioxide gas, which can create pressure in the funnel. Vent the funnel periodically to release the pressure.8. Collect the organic layer containing the product and transfer it to a beaker.9. Filter the product using a vacuum filtration setup and filter paper. Wash the product with distilled water to remove any remaining impurities.10. Allow the product to dry, and then weigh and analyze the purity of the synthesized 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid.**Safety Precautions:**1. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment PPE , including lab coat, gloves, and safety goggles.2. Work in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood, as nitric acid and sulfuric acid are corrosive and release toxic fumes.3. Be cautious when handling concentrated acids, as they can cause severe burns and damage to surfaces.4. Always add acids to the reaction mixture slowly and dropwise to avoid a violent reaction.5. Be cautious when neutralizing the reaction mixture with sodium bicarbonate, as it can release carbon dioxide gas, which can create pressure in the separatory funnel. Vent the funnel periodically to release the pressure.6. Dispose of waste materials according to local regulations and guidelines.