Plasma treatment is a surface modification technique that can significantly alter the surface properties and wettability of biomaterials used in medical implant devices. This process involves exposing the biomaterial to a partially ionized gas, known as plasma, which contains a mixture of ions, electrons, and neutral particles. The interaction between the plasma and the biomaterial surface leads to various physical and chemical changes, which can improve the performance and biocompatibility of the medical implant devices.The effects of plasma treatment on the surface properties and wettability of biomaterials can be summarized as follows:1. Surface cleaning: Plasma treatment effectively removes organic contaminants and impurities from the biomaterial surface, resulting in a cleaner and more uniform surface. This enhances the adhesion and integration of the implant with the surrounding tissue.2. Surface activation: The high-energy particles in the plasma can break the chemical bonds on the biomaterial surface, creating reactive sites that can form new bonds with other molecules. This increases the surface energy and reactivity, which can promote cell adhesion, protein adsorption, and tissue integration.3. Surface modification: Plasma treatment can introduce new functional groups or alter the existing ones on the biomaterial surface. This can change the surface chemistry and improve the biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and wettability of the implant. For example, plasma treatment can convert hydrophobic surfaces to hydrophilic ones, which can enhance the wettability and promote better interaction with the biological environment.4. Surface roughness: Plasma treatment can also modify the surface topography and roughness of the biomaterial, which can affect cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. A controlled surface roughness can improve the mechanical interlocking between the implant and the surrounding tissue, leading to better stability and integration.5. Sterilization: Plasma treatment can effectively inactivate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens on the biomaterial surface, providing a sterile implant for medical applications.In summary, plasma treatment can significantly improve the surface properties and wettability of biomaterials used in medical implant devices, leading to better biocompatibility, integration, and overall performance. The specific effects of plasma treatment depend on the type of biomaterial, the plasma parameters e.g., gas composition, pressure, power, and treatment time , and the desired surface properties for the particular medical application.