0 votes
29 views
in BioChemistry by (460 points)
What is the net ATP production and electron carrier utilization by the end of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation for one molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells?

1 Answer

0 votes
by (10 points)
In eukaryotic cells, one molecule of glucose goes through several metabolic processes, including glycolysis, the citric acid cycle  also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle , and oxidative phosphorylation  which includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis . Here is the breakdown of ATP production and electron carrier utilization for each process:1. Glycolysis:- Net ATP production: 2 ATP  substrate-level phosphorylation - Electron carrier utilization: 2 NADH molecules are produced.2. Pyruvate decarboxylation  conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA :- No ATP is produced in this step.- Electron carrier utilization: 1 NADH molecule is produced per pyruvate, so 2 NADH molecules are produced for one glucose molecule  since 2 pyruvates are produced from one glucose .3. Citric acid cycle:- ATP production: 1 ATP is produced per cycle through substrate-level phosphorylation, so 2 ATP are produced for one glucose molecule  since 2 cycles occur for each glucose molecule .- Electron carrier utilization: For each cycle, 3 NADH and 1 FADH are produced. So, for one glucose molecule, 6 NADH and 2 FADH are produced.4. Oxidative phosphorylation:- ATP production: NADH and FADH are oxidized in the electron transport chain, and the released energy is used to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis. Each NADH molecule generates approximately 2.5 ATP, and each FADH molecule generates approximately 1.5 ATP. Total electron carriers from all processes:- NADH: 2  glycolysis  + 2  pyruvate decarboxylation  + 6  citric acid cycle  = 10 NADH- FADH: 2  citric acid cycle Total ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation:- From NADH: 10 NADH  2.5 ATP/NADH = 25 ATP- From FADH: 2 FADH  1.5 ATP/FADH = 3 ATPNet ATP production from all processes:- Glycolysis: 2 ATP- Citric acid cycle: 2 ATP- Oxidative phosphorylation: 25 ATP  from NADH  + 3 ATP  from FADH  = 28 ATPSo, for one molecule of glucose in eukaryotic cells, the net ATP production by the end of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation is 32 ATP  2 from glycolysis, 2 from the citric acid cycle, and 28 from oxidative phosphorylation . The electron carrier utilization includes 10 NADH and 2 FADH molecules.

Related questions

Welcome to Sarvan Science Q&A, where you can ask questions and receive answers from other members of the community.
...