Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. It has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. Graphene exhibits several unique electrical properties that make it a promising material for high-performance electronic devices.1. High electron mobility: Graphene has an exceptionally high electron mobility, which is the measure of how quickly electrons can move through a material under the influence of an electric field. The electron mobility in graphene can reach up to 200,000 cm^2/Vs, which is much higher than that of traditional semiconductors like silicon about 1,400 cm^2/Vs and gallium arsenide about 8,000 cm^2/Vs . This high electron mobility allows for faster switching speeds and improved performance in electronic devices.2. Zero bandgap: Graphene is a zero bandgap semiconductor, which means that its conduction and valence bands touch at the Dirac points. This unique property results in graphene being an excellent conductor of electricity, as there is no energy barrier for electrons to overcome when transitioning between the conduction and valence bands. However, the lack of a bandgap also means that graphene cannot be easily turned off, which is a crucial requirement for digital electronics.3. High thermal conductivity: Graphene has a high thermal conductivity, which is essential for dissipating heat in electronic devices. Efficient heat dissipation can prevent overheating and improve the overall performance and reliability of devices.To optimize graphene's electrical properties for use in high-performance electronic devices, several strategies can be employed:1. Engineering a bandgap: To make graphene suitable for digital electronics, a bandgap must be introduced. This can be achieved through various methods, such as chemical doping, applying strain, or creating nanoribbons with specific widths. By introducing a bandgap, graphene can be used as a semiconductor material in transistors and other electronic components.2. Heterostructures: Combining graphene with other two-dimensional materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride or transition metal dichalcogenides, can create heterostructures with tailored electronic properties. These heterostructures can be used to create devices with improved performance, such as high-speed transistors and photodetectors.3. High-quality synthesis: To fully exploit the electrical properties of graphene, it is essential to synthesize high-quality, large-area graphene with minimal defects. Techniques such as chemical vapor deposition CVD have shown promise in producing high-quality graphene, which can be transferred onto various substrates for device fabrication.4. Device engineering: Designing and optimizing device structures, such as field-effect transistors and interconnects, can help maximize the performance of graphene-based electronic devices. This includes optimizing the contact resistance between graphene and metal electrodes, as well as minimizing the impact of defects and impurities on device performance.In summary, graphene's unique electrical properties, such as high electron mobility and excellent conductivity, make it a promising material for high-performance electronic devices. By introducing a bandgap, creating heterostructures, synthesizing high-quality graphene, and optimizing device structures, the electrical properties of graphene can be tailored for various applications in the electronics industry.