Enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, which means they have the same molecular formula and structure but differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. This difference in spatial arrangement can lead to different photochemical properties, as the way they interact with light specifically, the polarization of light can vary.The photochemical properties of enantiomers differ mainly in their interaction with plane-polarized light. One enantiomer will rotate the plane of polarized light in one direction clockwise or positive , while the other enantiomer will rotate it in the opposite direction counterclockwise or negative . This property is called optical activity, and the extent to which each enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light is called its specific rotation.These differences in photochemical properties can have significant implications in various industries:1. Pharmaceuticals: The different enantiomers of a chiral drug molecule can have different pharmacological effects, as they may interact differently with the target receptors in the body. One enantiomer may be more potent, less potent, or even have adverse effects compared to the other. Therefore, it is crucial to develop methods to synthesize and separate enantiomers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs. For example, the drug thalidomide had one enantiomer that was effective against morning sickness, while the other caused severe birth defects.2. Food Science: Enantiomers can also have different tastes and smells due to their interaction with taste and odor receptors. For example, the enantiomers of carvone have distinct smells: R-carvone smells like spearmint, while S-carvone smells like caraway. The food industry can use this knowledge to develop new flavors and fragrances by synthesizing and isolating specific enantiomers.3. Agriculture: The different enantiomers of chiral pesticides and herbicides can have varying levels of effectiveness and environmental impact. One enantiomer may be more effective at targeting pests, while the other may be less effective or even harmful to non-target organisms. By synthesizing and using the more effective enantiomer, the agriculture industry can improve pest control while minimizing environmental damage.In conclusion, understanding the photochemical properties of enantiomers and their differences is crucial in various industries, as it allows for the development of safer and more effective products.