Cisplatin, also known as cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II , is a widely used chemotherapy drug and a coordination compound with the formula [Pt NH3 2Cl2]. The synthesis process of cisplatin involves the reaction of potassium tetrachloroplatinate II K2[PtCl4] with ammonia.Synthesis Process:1. Dissolve potassium tetrachloroplatinate II K2[PtCl4] in water to form an aqueous solution.2. Add an excess of concentrated aqueous ammonia NH3 to the solution.3. The ammonia will replace two of the chloride ligands in the [PtCl4]2- complex, forming the cisplatin complex [Pt NH3 2Cl2].4. The resulting precipitate is filtered, washed, and dried to obtain the cisplatin compound.The overall reaction can be represented as:K2[PtCl4] + 2 NH3 [Pt NH3 2Cl2] + 2 KClCharacterization of cisplatin using modern analytical techniques:1. X-ray Crystallography: This technique can be used to determine the crystal structure of cisplatin, providing information about the arrangement of atoms, bond lengths, and bond angles. X-ray crystallography confirms the square planar geometry of the cisplatin molecule with the platinum atom at the center, surrounded by two ammonia and two chloride ligands.2. Infrared IR Spectroscopy: IR spectroscopy can be used to identify the presence of specific functional groups in cisplatin. The characteristic absorption bands of the NH3 and Cl ligands can be observed in the IR spectrum, confirming their presence in the compound.3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR Spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy can provide information about the chemical environment of the atoms in the cisplatin molecule. 1H NMR can be used to study the protons in the ammonia ligands, while 195Pt NMR can provide information about the platinum center. The NMR spectra can help confirm the structure and purity of the synthesized cisplatin.4. Elemental Analysis: This technique can be used to determine the elemental composition of cisplatin, confirming the presence of platinum, nitrogen, and chlorine in the compound. Elemental analysis can also be used to calculate the empirical formula and molecular weight of cisplatin.5. Mass Spectrometry: Mass spectrometry can be used to determine the molecular weight of cisplatin and provide information about its fragmentation pattern. This technique can help confirm the structure of the compound and its purity.By using these modern analytical techniques, the structure and composition of cisplatin can be thoroughly characterized, ensuring its effectiveness as a chemotherapy drug.