Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs interact with ozone molecules through a series of chemical reactions that lead to the depletion of the ozone layer. The process begins when CFCs, which are stable in the lower atmosphere, rise into the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, they are exposed to ultraviolet UV radiation, which causes them to break down and release chlorine atoms.The chlorine atoms then react with ozone O3 molecules, forming chlorine monoxide ClO and molecular oxygen O2 . This reaction is as follows:Cl + O3 ClO + O2The chlorine monoxide ClO can then react with another ozone molecule, releasing the original chlorine atom and forming more molecular oxygen:ClO + O3 Cl + 2O2This process is known as a catalytic cycle because the chlorine atom acts as a catalyst, being regenerated after each reaction and able to destroy many thousands of ozone molecules before being removed from the stratosphere.The impact of this interaction on the ozone layer is significant. The depletion of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface, leading to increased risks of skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to the immune system in humans. It also has detrimental effects on the environment, such as reduced crop yields and harm to marine life.To mitigate the negative effects of CFCs on the ozone layer, several methods have been implemented:1. International agreements: The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, is a global agreement to phase out the production and use of CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances. This has led to a significant reduction in the release of CFCs into the atmosphere.2. Development of alternatives: Scientists and industries have developed alternative chemicals, such as hydrofluorocarbons HFCs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs , which have a much lower potential to deplete the ozone layer.3. Recycling and proper disposal: Proper recycling and disposal of products containing CFCs, such as refrigerants and air conditioning systems, can help prevent the release of these chemicals into the atmosphere.4. Public awareness and education: Raising public awareness about the dangers of CFCs and the importance of protecting the ozone layer can encourage individuals and businesses to take action to reduce their use of ozone-depleting substances.As a result of these efforts, the ozone layer is gradually recovering, and it is expected to return to its pre-1980 levels by the middle of the 21st century.