To optimize the synthesis of polymer-based superabsorbent materials and increase their water absorbing capacity and retention time, several factors can be considered and modified. These factors include the choice of monomers, crosslinking agents, polymerization methods, and post-synthesis treatments. Here are some strategies to improve the properties of superabsorbent polymers SAPs :1. Choice of monomers: Select monomers with high hydrophilicity, such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid AMPS . These monomers can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, increasing the water absorbing capacity of the resulting polymer.2. Copolymerization: Introduce hydrophilic comonomers to the polymer backbone to enhance water absorption. For example, copolymerizing acrylic acid with acrylamide or AMPS can improve the water absorbing capacity of the resulting SAP.3. Crosslinking agents: Choose appropriate crosslinking agents to control the network structure of the polymer. A higher crosslinking density can increase the mechanical strength of the SAP, while a lower crosslinking density can improve its swelling capacity. Common crosslinking agents include N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide MBA , ethylene glycol dimethacrylate EGDMA , and poly ethylene glycol diacrylate PEGDA .4. Polymerization methods: Employ different polymerization techniques to control the polymer structure and properties. Solution polymerization, inverse suspension polymerization, and radiation-induced polymerization are some common methods used for SAP synthesis. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the desired properties of the final product.5. Post-synthesis treatments: Modify the synthesized SAPs through processes such as surface modification, grafting, and hydrolysis. These treatments can improve the water absorbing capacity, retention time, and mechanical properties of the SAPs.6. Nanocomposite SAPs: Incorporate inorganic nanoparticles, such as clay, silica, or carbon nanotubes, into the polymer matrix. These nanoparticles can improve the mechanical strength, water absorbing capacity, and retention time of the SAPs by forming additional hydrogen bonds with water molecules and enhancing the polymer network structure.7. Use of natural polymers: Incorporate natural polymers like cellulose, chitosan, or starch into the SAPs. These biopolymers can improve the biodegradability and eco-friendliness of the SAPs while maintaining or enhancing their water absorbing capacity and retention time.By considering these factors and strategies, the synthesis of polymer-based superabsorbent materials can be optimized to achieve higher water absorbing capacity and longer retention time, making them more effective for various applications such as agriculture, hygiene products, and water management.