Improving the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymer-based materials can be achieved through various approaches, including material selection, design optimization, and post-processing techniques. Here are some factors to consider in the design and synthesis of materials for 3D printing:1. Material selection: Choose high-performance polymers with better mechanical properties, such as high tensile strength, impact resistance, and thermal stability. Some examples include polyether ether ketone PEEK , polyamide PA , and polycarbonate PC .2. Material modification: Incorporate additives, such as fibers, nanoparticles, or other fillers, to enhance the mechanical properties of the base polymer. For example, adding carbon fibers or glass fibers can improve the tensile strength and stiffness of the material.3. Molecular weight and chain architecture: Optimize the molecular weight and chain architecture of the polymer to achieve better mechanical properties. High molecular weight polymers generally exhibit better mechanical properties due to increased entanglements and chain interactions.4. Printing parameters: Optimize the printing parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed, to achieve better mechanical properties. For example, increasing the infill density can improve the strength and stiffness of the printed part.5. Printing orientation: Consider the printing orientation of the part, as it can significantly affect the mechanical properties. Printing in the direction of the applied load can result in better mechanical properties.6. Layer adhesion: Improve the layer adhesion between printed layers by optimizing the printing temperature, material compatibility, and interlayer bonding. Better layer adhesion will result in improved mechanical properties.7. Post-processing techniques: Apply post-processing techniques, such as annealing, to improve the mechanical properties of the printed part. Annealing can help to reduce residual stresses and improve the crystallinity of the polymer, resulting in better mechanical properties.8. Design optimization: Use design optimization techniques, such as topology optimization or lattice structures, to create lightweight and mechanically efficient parts. This can help to improve the mechanical properties while reducing material usage.9. Hybrid materials: Combine different materials, such as polymers and metals, to create hybrid materials with improved mechanical properties. This can be achieved through techniques like co-printing or embedding metal components within the polymer matrix.10. Advanced 3D printing techniques: Utilize advanced 3D printing techniques, such as continuous fiber reinforcement or multi-material printing, to create parts with improved mechanical properties.In summary, improving the mechanical properties of 3D printed polymer-based materials involves considering various factors, such as material selection, design optimization, and post-processing techniques. By addressing these factors, it is possible to create 3D printed parts with enhanced mechanical properties suitable for various applications.