To apply the concepts of chemical reactions and stoichiometry to baking a cake, we first need to understand the chemical reaction between baking soda and vinegar. Baking soda is a base sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3 and vinegar is an acid acetic acid, CH3COOH . When they react, they produce carbon dioxide CO2 , water H2O , and sodium acetate CH3COONa . The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:NaHCO3 + CH3COOH CO2 + H2O + CH3COONaNow, let's say you have a recipe that calls for a certain amount of vinegar, and you want to calculate the amount of baking soda needed to react with it completely to produce the optimal amount of CO2 for a fluffy cake.1. First, determine the amount of vinegar in the recipe in moles . To do this, you need to know the volume of vinegar and its concentration usually given as a percentage on the label . For example, let's say the recipe calls for 10 mL of 5% vinegar. The molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol. 10 mL * 1 L/1000 mL * 5 g/100 mL * 1 mol/60.05 g = 0.00832 mol CH3COOH2. Use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to determine the amount of baking soda needed in moles . Since the reaction has a 1:1 ratio between acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, you need the same number of moles of baking soda.0.00832 mol CH3COOH * 1 mol NaHCO3/1 mol CH3COOH = 0.00832 mol NaHCO33. Convert the amount of baking soda needed from moles to grams. The molar mass of sodium bicarbonate is 84.01 g/mol. 0.00832 mol NaHCO3 * 84.01 g/mol = 0.699 g NaHCO3So, you would need 0.699 grams of baking soda to react completely with 10 mL of 5% vinegar in the recipe to produce the optimal amount of carbon dioxide for a fluffy cake.