Improving the biodegradability of polylactic acid PLA can be achieved by altering the synthesis process or introducing additives. Here are some strategies to enhance the biodegradation rate of PLA:1. Copolymerization: Synthesizing PLA with other biodegradable polymers can enhance its biodegradability. For example, copolymerizing PLA with polyglycolic acid PGA or polyhydroxyalkanoates PHA can result in a more biodegradable material. The copolymerization process can be controlled to achieve the desired degradation rate and mechanical properties.2. Blending: Mixing PLA with other biodegradable polymers or additives can improve its biodegradability. For instance, blending PLA with starch, cellulose, or chitosan can result in a more biodegradable material. The blend composition can be adjusted to achieve the desired degradation rate and mechanical properties.3. Enzymatic degradation: Introducing enzymes that can specifically degrade PLA can enhance its biodegradability. For example, lipases and proteinases are known to degrade PLA. Incorporating these enzymes into the PLA matrix or applying them as a surface treatment can improve the degradation rate of PLA.4. Surface modification: Altering the surface properties of PLA can improve its biodegradability. For example, introducing hydrophilic groups or increasing the surface roughness can enhance the interaction between PLA and the surrounding environment, promoting biodegradation. Surface modification techniques include plasma treatment, chemical etching, or coating with biodegradable materials.5. Nanocomposites: Incorporating nanoparticles into the PLA matrix can improve its biodegradability. For example, adding clay nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite, or bioactive glass can enhance the degradation rate of PLA. The nanoparticles can also improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of PLA.6. Plasticizers: Adding plasticizers to PLA can increase its flexibility and enhance its biodegradability. For example, incorporating natural plasticizers such as citrate esters, glycerol, or polyethylene glycol can improve the degradation rate of PLA. The plasticizer content can be adjusted to achieve the desired degradation rate and mechanical properties.7. Controlled synthesis: Adjusting the synthesis conditions of PLA can influence its biodegradability. For example, controlling the molecular weight, crystallinity, or stereochemistry of PLA can affect its degradation rate. Lower molecular weight PLA tends to degrade faster, while higher crystallinity can slow down the degradation process.By implementing these strategies, the biodegradability of polylactic acid PLA can be improved, making it a more environmentally friendly material for various applications.