Chemistry students can effectively learn laboratory techniques and procedures with limited access to laboratory equipment and facilities through the following methods:1. Virtual simulations: Online virtual labs and simulations can provide students with a realistic experience of working in a laboratory. These platforms allow students to perform experiments, manipulate equipment, and observe chemical reactions in a virtual environment. Examples of such resources include Labster, ChemCollective, and Late Nite Labs.2. Video demonstrations: Watching videos of laboratory techniques and procedures can help students understand the steps involved in performing an experiment. YouTube channels, such as the Journal of Visualized Experiments JoVE and the Royal Society of Chemistry, offer a wide range of video demonstrations that cover various laboratory techniques.3. Interactive textbooks and e-learning modules: Interactive textbooks and e-learning modules can provide students with detailed explanations, illustrations, and animations of laboratory techniques and procedures. These resources may also include quizzes and assessments to test students' understanding of the material.4. Home-based experiments: Students can perform simple experiments at home using household items and materials. These experiments can help students understand basic chemical concepts and develop their laboratory skills. Teachers can provide guidance and instructions for these experiments through online platforms.5. Group discussions and problem-solving: Students can participate in online group discussions and collaborate on solving problems related to laboratory techniques and procedures. This can help them develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills, as well as improve their understanding of the subject matter.6. Online workshops and webinars: Students can attend online workshops and webinars conducted by experts in the field of chemistry. These events can provide valuable insights into laboratory techniques and procedures, as well as offer opportunities for students to ask questions and interact with professionals.7. Mentorship and tutoring: Students can seek mentorship or tutoring from experienced chemists or upper-level students who can guide them through laboratory techniques and procedures. This can be done through online platforms or video calls.8. Study guides and reference materials: Students can use study guides and reference materials, such as laboratory manuals and textbooks, to learn about laboratory techniques and procedures. These resources can provide step-by-step instructions and illustrations to help students understand the processes involved in performing experiments.By utilizing these methods, chemistry students can effectively learn laboratory techniques and procedures even with limited access to laboratory equipment and facilities.