To synthesize and purify aspirin from salicylic acid, follow these key reaction steps and techniques:1. Synthesis of Aspirin:a. Materials needed: salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, phosphoric acid catalyst , and a heating source.b. In a round-bottom flask, mix salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The ratio of salicylic acid to acetic anhydride should be approximately 1:1.2 moles .c. Add a few drops of phosphoric acid as a catalyst to speed up the reaction.d. Heat the mixture gently for about 10-15 minutes while stirring. The reaction taking place is an esterification reaction, where salicylic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form acetylsalicylic acid aspirin and acetic acid as a byproduct.e. After heating, allow the mixture to cool to room temperature.2. Precipitation and Filtration:a. To precipitate the aspirin, slowly add cold distilled water to the reaction mixture. The aspirin will begin to crystallize out of the solution.b. Once the crystallization is complete, filter the mixture using vacuum filtration. This will separate the aspirin crystals from the liquid.3. Recrystallization for Purification:a. To further purify the aspirin, perform a recrystallization process. Dissolve the crude aspirin crystals in a minimal amount of hot ethanol or another suitable solvent.b. Once the aspirin is dissolved, add hot distilled water to the solution until it becomes slightly cloudy. This is to ensure that any impurities remain dissolved in the water.c. Allow the solution to cool slowly to room temperature, and then place it in an ice bath. The purified aspirin will recrystallize.d. Filter the mixture again using vacuum filtration to collect the purified aspirin crystals.4. Drying and Characterization:a. Allow the purified aspirin crystals to dry on a filter paper or in a desiccator.b. To confirm the purity of the synthesized aspirin, perform a melting point analysis and compare it to the known melting point of aspirin 135-136C . A high purity aspirin sample will have a melting point close to the known value.By following these steps and techniques, you can successfully synthesize and purify aspirin from salicylic acid.