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Determine the standard enthalpy of formation for ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) using Hess's Law and the following given reactions: 1) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) ΔH° = -46.0 kJ/mol 2) NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) ΔH° = -176.2 kJ/mol 3) N2(g) + 2H2(g) + 2Cl2(g) → 2NH4Cl(s) ΔH° = -634.2 kJ/mol

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To determine the standard enthalpy of formation for ammonium chloride  NH4Cl , we need to manipulate the given reactions to obtain the desired reaction: NH3 g  + HCl g   NH4Cl s . First, we need to find the enthalpy change for the formation of HCl g . We can do this by manipulating the third reaction:3  N2 g  + 2H2 g  + 2Cl2 g   2NH4Cl s  H = -634.2 kJ/molDivide the entire reaction by 2:1/2 N2 g  + H2 g  + Cl2 g   NH4Cl s  H = -317.1 kJ/molNow, subtract the first reaction from the new reaction: 1/2 N2 g  + H2 g  + Cl2 g   NH4Cl s   -  N2 g  + 3H2 g   2NH3 g  This simplifies to:2H2 g  + Cl2 g   2HCl g  H = -271.1 kJ/molNow, divide the entire reaction by 2:H2 g  + 1/2 Cl2 g   HCl g  H = -135.55 kJ/molNow we have the enthalpy change for the formation of HCl g . Next, we need to add the enthalpy change for the formation of NH3 g  and HCl g  to find the enthalpy change for the formation of NH4Cl s :1  N2 g  + 3H2 g   2NH3 g  H = -46.0 kJ/mol  divide by 2 1/2 N2 g  + 3/2 H2 g   NH3 g  H = -23.0 kJ/molAdd the two reactions:1/2 N2 g  + 3/2 H2 g   NH3 g  H = -23.0 kJ/molH2 g  + 1/2 Cl2 g   HCl g  H = -135.55 kJ/mol--------------------------------------------1/2 N2 g  + 2H2 g  + 1/2 Cl2 g   NH3 g  + HCl g  H = -158.55 kJ/molNow, we can compare this reaction to the second given reaction:2  NH3 g  + HCl g   NH4Cl s  H = -176.2 kJ/molSince the reactions are the same, the standard enthalpy of formation for ammonium chloride  NH4Cl  is:H NH4Cl  = -176.2 kJ/mol

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