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Determine the geometry and polarity of the ammonium ion (NH4+).

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The ammonium ion  NH4+  is formed when ammonia  NH3  gains a proton  H+ . In the ammonium ion, the central nitrogen atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms, and it has a positive charge.Geometry:The electron-pair geometry of NH4+ is tetrahedral, as it has four bonding pairs of electrons around the central nitrogen atom. The molecular geometry is also tetrahedral, as all four electron pairs are involved in bonding with hydrogen atoms.Polarity:In the ammonium ion, the nitrogen-hydrogen bonds are polar due to the difference in electronegativity between nitrogen  3.04  and hydrogen  2.20 . However, the overall molecule is nonpolar because the four N-H bonds are arranged symmetrically in a tetrahedral shape, causing the individual bond dipoles to cancel each other out. As a result, the ammonium ion  NH4+  is nonpolar.
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