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Design a synthetic pathway for the synthesis of a new drug candidate that targets the acetylcholinesterase enzyme to treat Alzheimer's disease. The drug must have high potency and selectivity for the enzyme, and should not exhibit any significant toxicity or side effects. Furthermore, ensure that the synthetic route is cost-effective and can be scaled up for large-scale production.

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To design a synthetic pathway for a new drug candidate targeting acetylcholinesterase  AChE  enzyme, we can start by modifying an existing AChE inhibitor, such as donepezil, to improve its potency, selectivity, and safety profile. The following synthetic pathway is proposed:1. Starting with 5,6-dimethoxy-2-aminopyridine  1 , perform a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with 3-chloropropylamine hydrochloride  2  in the presence of potassium carbonate  K2CO3  as a base in dimethylformamide  DMF  solvent. This will yield N- 3-aminopropyl -5,6-dimethoxy-2-pyridinamine  3 .2. Next, perform a reductive amination reaction between compound  3  and 4- 4-fluorophenyl piperidin-4-one  4  using sodium triacetoxyborohydride  NaBH OAc 3  as a reducing agent in a mixture of acetic acid and methanol. This will yield N- 3- 5,6-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl propyl -4- 4-fluorophenyl piperidine  5 .3. To improve selectivity and reduce toxicity, introduce a hydrophilic group to the molecule. Perform a selective O-demethylation of compound  5  using boron tribromide  BBr3  in dichloromethane  DCM  to yield 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N- 3- 4- 4-fluorophenyl piperidin-4-yl propyl pyridin-2-amine  6 .4. Finally, to further improve potency and selectivity, perform a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction between compound  6  and an appropriate boronic acid derivative  7  in the presence of a palladium catalyst  Pd PPh3 4  and a base  K2CO3  in a mixture of water and an organic solvent  e.g., toluene . This will yield the final drug candidate  8 .This synthetic route is designed to be cost-effective and scalable for large-scale production. The use of readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, and well-established synthetic methods should facilitate the development of a potent, selective, and safe AChE inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Further optimization of the synthetic route and the drug candidate structure can be performed based on experimental results and structure-activity relationship studies.

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