To design a lubricant production system that can produce 1000 liters of lubricant per hour for use in heavy machinery, we will use a base oil and additives to create a high-quality, environmentally friendly lubricant. The process flow diagram, raw materials, equipment, and safety precautions are outlined below.Process Flow Diagram:1. Base oil storage2. Additive storage3. Mixing and blending4. Filtration5. Quality control testing6. Storage of finished lubricant7. Packaging and distributionRaw Materials:1. Base oil Group II or Group III base oils, which are more environmentally friendly and have better performance characteristics 2. Additives anti-wear, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, and pour point depressants Equipment:1. Storage tanks for base oil and additives2. Mixing and blending equipment high-shear mixer 3. Filtration system bag or cartridge filters 4. Quality control testing equipment viscometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, etc. 5. Storage tanks for finished lubricant6. Packaging equipment filling machines, capping machines, labeling machines, etc. Safety Precautions:1. Proper ventilation in the production area2. Use of personal protective equipment gloves, goggles, masks, etc. 3. Proper handling and storage of raw materials and finished products4. Regular equipment maintenance and safety inspections5. Training of personnel in safety procedures and emergency responseTotal Production Cost Calculation:Assuming the following costs for raw materials and other expenses:- Base oil: $0.80 per liter- Additives: $0.60 per liter- Labor, utilities, and other expenses: $0.20 per literTotal production cost per liter of lubricant = $0.80 base oil + $0.60 additives + $0.20 other expenses = $1.60 per literStrategies for Reducing Production Costs:1. Optimize the blending process to minimize the use of additives without compromising performance.2. Implement energy-efficient equipment and practices to reduce utility costs.3. Negotiate better prices for raw materials by purchasing in bulk or establishing long-term contracts with suppliers.4. Improve production efficiency by reducing downtime, optimizing equipment usage, and streamlining processes.5. Implement a quality management system to minimize waste and rework costs.By following this process flow diagram and using the specified raw materials and equipment, we can produce a cost-effective, environmentally friendly lubricant that meets industry standards for quality and performance. Additionally, implementing the suggested strategies for reducing production costs will further improve the overall profitability of the lubricant production system.