To design a distillation column for separating a mixture of ethanol and water, we can use the McCabe-Thiele method. This method involves constructing a graphical representation of the equilibrium stages and operating lines to determine the number of theoretical trays required for the desired separation.First, we need to obtain the vapor-liquid equilibrium VLE data for the ethanol-water system. This can be found in literature or simulated using software like Aspen Plus or ChemCAD. For this problem, we will assume that we have the VLE data.Next, we need to determine the operating lines for the rectifying and stripping sections of the column. The operating lines are determined by the reflux ratio L/D and the feed composition xF . In this case, the reflux ratio is 2.2, and the feed composition is 30% ethanol xF = 0.3 .Rectifying section operating line equation:yR = L/D * xR + xD / L/D + 1 Stripping section operating line equation:yS = L / L + D * xS + xF / 1 + L/D Now, we can construct the McCabe-Thiele diagram by plotting the VLE data, the rectifying section operating line, and the stripping section operating line. The intersection of the operating lines represents the feed tray.To determine the minimum number of theoretical trays, we can step off the equilibrium stages on the McCabe-Thiele diagram, starting from the desired product composition xD = 0.95 and working towards the feed tray. The number of stages required to reach the feed tray represents the minimum number of theoretical trays required for the desired separation.In this case, let's assume that the McCabe-Thiele diagram shows that a minimum of 10 theoretical trays are required for the desired separation. Since the distillation column is 14 trays high, it should be sufficient to achieve the desired separation of 95% ethanol in the distilled product.The final composition of the ethanol product stream will be 95% ethanol and 5% water, as specified in the problem statement.