Changing the monomer structure in a polymerization reaction can significantly affect the properties of the resulting polymer. The monomer structure determines the type of bonding, molecular weight, and arrangement of the polymer chains, which in turn influence the physical and chemical properties of the polymer. Examples of how different monomers can result in polymers with varying properties include:1. Polystyrene vs. Polyethylene: Polystyrene is produced from the monomer styrene, which contains a benzene ring. Polyethylene, on the other hand, is produced from the monomer ethylene, which is a simple hydrocarbon. The presence of the benzene ring in polystyrene results in a more rigid and brittle polymer compared to polyethylene, which is more flexible and has a lower melting point.2. Polyvinyl chloride PVC vs. Polyvinyl alcohol PVA : PVC is produced from the monomer vinyl chloride, while PVA is produced from the monomer vinyl alcohol. The difference in monomer structure leads to different properties in the resulting polymers. PVC is a tough, durable material with good chemical resistance, while PVA is water-soluble and has good film-forming properties.3. Polypropylene vs. Polyethylene: Both polypropylene and polyethylene are produced from similar monomers propylene and ethylene, respectively , but the presence of a methyl group in the propylene monomer results in a more crystalline and heat-resistant polymer compared to polyethylene.4. Polymethyl methacrylate PMMA vs. Polycarbonate: PMMA, also known as acrylic, is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate, while polycarbonate is produced from bisphenol A and phosgene. PMMA is a transparent, rigid, and brittle material with good UV resistance, while polycarbonate is a tougher, more impact-resistant material with a higher refractive index.5. Polyamide Nylon vs. Polyester: Polyamides, such as Nylon, are produced from the reaction between a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid, while polyesters are produced from the reaction between a diol and a dicarboxylic acid. The difference in monomer structure results in different properties in the resulting polymers. Polyamides have high strength, toughness, and resistance to wear, while polyesters have good resistance to UV radiation, hydrolysis, and chemical degradation.In summary, the monomer structure plays a crucial role in determining the properties of the resulting polymer. By altering the monomer structure, chemists can design and synthesize polymers with specific properties tailored for various applications.