Changes in temperature can significantly affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They are proteins with specific three-dimensional structures and active sites that bind to substrates reactants to form enzyme-substrate complexes.The rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions is influenced by several factors, including temperature. Here's how temperature affects the rate of these reactions:1. Increasing temperature within the optimal range : As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules also increases. This leads to more frequent collisions between the enzyme and substrate, increasing the chances of forming enzyme-substrate complexes. As a result, the rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases.2. Optimal temperature: Each enzyme has an optimal temperature at which it functions most efficiently. At this temperature, the enzyme exhibits the highest catalytic activity, and the reaction rate is at its maximum. For most human enzymes, the optimal temperature is around 37C 98.6F , which is the normal body temperature.3. Decreasing temperature below the optimal range : As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules decreases as well. This results in fewer collisions between the enzyme and substrate, reducing the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes and slowing down the reaction rate.4. Denaturation at high temperatures: If the temperature increases beyond the optimal range, the enzyme's structure can become unstable, leading to denaturation. Denaturation involves the unfolding of the enzyme's three-dimensional structure, which disrupts the active site and renders the enzyme inactive. Once an enzyme is denatured, it can no longer catalyze the reaction, and the reaction rate decreases dramatically.In summary, temperature has a significant impact on the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Within the optimal temperature range, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in reaction rate. However, temperatures above or below the optimal range can result in decreased reaction rates due to reduced enzyme-substrate interactions or enzyme denaturation.