Carbon fixation is the process by which inorganic carbon in the form of carbon dioxide, CO2 is converted into organic molecules, such as glucose, by plants, algae, and some bacteria during photosynthesis. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is a crucial part of the Calvin cycle, which is the light-independent or "dark" reactions of photosynthesis.The primary enzyme involved in carbon fixation is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known as RuBisCO. RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme on Earth and plays a critical role in the photosynthetic process.Here's a simplified overview of the carbon fixation process during photosynthesis:1. RuBisCO catalyzes the reaction between ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate RuBP , a 5-carbon sugar, and carbon dioxide CO2 , forming an unstable 6-carbon intermediate.2. The unstable 6-carbon intermediate quickly breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate 3-PGA , a 3-carbon compound.3. The 3-PGA molecules are then converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate G3P through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, which involve the consumption of ATP and NADPH. These energy-rich molecules are produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.4. Some G3P molecules are used to regenerate RuBP, allowing the Calvin cycle to continue, while others are used to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules needed by the plant.In summary, carbon fixation during photosynthesis involves the enzyme RuBisCO, which catalyzes the conversion of inorganic carbon dioxide into organic molecules through the Calvin cycle. This process is essential for the production of glucose and other organic compounds that plants need for growth and energy.