Aldehydes and ketones are both organic compounds containing a carbonyl group C=O . However, they differ in terms of their structure, physical properties, chemical reactivity, and uses.1. Structure:- Aldehydes have a carbonyl group C=O bonded to a hydrogen atom and an alkyl group R or a hydrogen atom H . Their general formula is R-CHO.- Ketones have a carbonyl group C=O bonded to two alkyl groups R . Their general formula is R-CO-R.2. Physical properties:- Aldehydes and ketones have different boiling points. Aldehydes generally have lower boiling points than ketones due to the presence of a hydrogen atom, which forms weaker van der Waals forces compared to the alkyl groups in ketones.- Both aldehydes and ketones are polar molecules due to the presence of the carbonyl group. However, they cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other, unlike alcohols and carboxylic acids.3. Chemical reactivity:- Aldehydes are generally more reactive than ketones due to the presence of the hydrogen atom, which makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack.- Aldehydes can be easily oxidized to carboxylic acids, while ketones are resistant to oxidation. This difference in reactivity can be used to distinguish between the two compounds.- Both aldehydes and ketones can undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, but aldehydes are more reactive in these reactions due to their higher electrophilicity.Examples and uses:Aldehydes:- Formaldehyde HCHO is used in the production of resins, plastics, and disinfectants. It is also used as a preservative in medical laboratories and mortuaries.- Acetaldehyde CH3CHO is used in the production of acetic acid, perfumes, and dyes. It is also an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals.Ketones:- Acetone CH3COCH3 is a common solvent used in laboratories and industries. It is also used in the production of plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals.- Cyclohexanone C6H10O is used as a solvent and in the production of nylon and other synthetic fibers.In everyday life, aldehydes and ketones can be found in various fragrances and flavorings. For example, benzaldehyde is responsible for the almond-like aroma in some foods, while acetophenone contributes to the scent of jasmine flowers.