Adsorption is the process by which gas molecules accumulate on a solid surface, forming a thin film. The extent of adsorption depends on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the nature of the gas and solid surface. In this answer, we will focus on the effect of temperature on adsorption and the factors that influence the extent of adsorption.The relationship between temperature and adsorption can be described by two main types of adsorption isotherms: physisorption and chemisorption.1. Physisorption: In this type of adsorption, gas molecules are held on the solid surface by weak van der Waals forces. Physisorption is an exothermic process, meaning it releases heat. According to Le Chatelier's principle, an increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium in the direction of the endothermic process, which in this case is desorption the release of gas molecules from the surface . Therefore, the extent of physisorption generally decreases with increasing temperature.2. Chemisorption: In chemisorption, gas molecules form chemical bonds with the solid surface, resulting in stronger interactions than in physisorption. Chemisorption is also an exothermic process, but the effect of temperature is more complex. At low temperatures, the rate of chemisorption may be limited by the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. As temperature increases, the rate of chemisorption increases until an optimal temperature is reached. Beyond this temperature, the extent of chemisorption may decrease due to the increased rate of desorption.Factors that affect the extent of adsorption:1. Nature of the gas: Gases with higher molecular weights and larger molecular sizes tend to have stronger van der Waals forces, leading to greater adsorption on solid surfaces. Additionally, gases with higher polarizability or higher critical temperature are more likely to be adsorbed.2. Nature of the solid surface: The extent of adsorption depends on the surface area, porosity, and chemical composition of the solid. A larger surface area and higher porosity lead to increased adsorption, as there are more sites available for gas molecules to interact with the surface. The chemical composition of the solid also plays a role, as certain surfaces may have a higher affinity for specific gas molecules due to their chemical properties.3. Pressure: According to the adsorption isotherms e.g., Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms , the extent of adsorption generally increases with increasing pressure. This is because a higher pressure leads to a higher concentration of gas molecules near the solid surface, increasing the likelihood of adsorption.In summary, the adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface is influenced by temperature, pressure, and the nature of both the gas and solid. For physisorption, the extent of adsorption typically decreases with increasing temperature, while chemisorption exhibits a more complex relationship with temperature. The extent of adsorption is also affected by factors such as the molecular weight and size of the gas, the surface area and chemical composition of the solid, and the pressure of the gas.