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How does adding more reactant or product affect the equilibrium position of a chemical reaction? Explain using Le Chatelier's principle with at least three different examples.

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Adding more reactant or product to a chemical reaction affects the equilibrium position according to Le Chatelier's principle. Le Chatelier's principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in concentration, temperature, or pressure, the system will adjust its equilibrium position to counteract the change.Here are three examples to illustrate this principle:1. Example 1: The Haber processN2 g  + 3H2 g   2NH3 g In the Haber process, nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia gas. If we increase the concentration of nitrogen gas  N2  or hydrogen gas  H2 , the equilibrium will shift to the right to produce more ammonia gas  NH3  to counteract the change. Conversely, if we increase the concentration of ammonia gas  NH3 , the equilibrium will shift to the left to produce more nitrogen gas  N2  and hydrogen gas  H2 .2. Example 2: The esterification reactionCH3COOH aq  + CH3OH aq   CH3COOCH3 aq  + H2O l In the esterification reaction, acetic acid reacts with methanol to form methyl acetate and water. If we increase the concentration of acetic acid  CH3COOH  or methanol  CH3OH , the equilibrium will shift to the right to produce more methyl acetate  CH3COOCH3  and water  H2O . On the other hand, if we increase the concentration of methyl acetate  CH3COOCH3  or water  H2O , the equilibrium will shift to the left to produce more acetic acid  CH3COOH  and methanol  CH3OH .3. Example 3: The decomposition of dinitrogen tetroxide2N2O4 g   4NO2 g In this reaction, dinitrogen tetroxide decomposes into nitrogen dioxide. If we increase the concentration of dinitrogen tetroxide  N2O4 , the equilibrium will shift to the right to produce more nitrogen dioxide  NO2  to counteract the change. Conversely, if we increase the concentration of nitrogen dioxide  NO2 , the equilibrium will shift to the left to produce more dinitrogen tetroxide  N2O4 .In summary, adding more reactant or product to a chemical reaction affects the equilibrium position according to Le Chatelier's principle. The system will adjust its equilibrium position to counteract the change in concentration, either by shifting to the right  toward the products  or to the left  toward the reactants .

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