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What type of bond is likely to form between a sulfur atom and a chlorine atom, and how is it determined?

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A covalent bond is likely to form between a sulfur atom and a chlorine atom. This is determined by the electronegativity difference between the two atoms. Sulfur  S  has an electronegativity value of 2.58, and chlorine  Cl  has an electronegativity value of 3.16. The electronegativity difference between them is 3.16 - 2.58 = 0.58. When the electronegativity difference between two atoms is less than 1.7, they are likely to form a covalent bond. In this case, the difference is 0.58, which indicates that a covalent bond will form between the sulfur and chlorine atoms.
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