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What is the synthesis mechanism of 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate (MOPA) from propene oxide and methanol using acid as a catalyst? Please provide a detailed stepwise reaction mechanism.

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1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate  MOPA  can be synthesized from propene oxide and methanol using an acid catalyst. Here is a detailed stepwise reaction mechanism for the synthesis:Step 1: Protonation of propene oxideThe acid catalyst  e.g., H2SO4 or HCl  donates a proton  H+  to the oxygen atom of the propene oxide, making it more electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack.Propene oxide + H+  Protonated propene oxideStep 2: Nucleophilic attack by methanolMethanol, acting as a nucleophile, attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the protonated propene oxide. This results in the opening of the epoxide ring and the formation of a new carbon-oxygen bond.Protonated propene oxide + CH3OH  1-Methoxy-2-propanol + H2OStep 3: Protonation of 1-Methoxy-2-propanolThe hydroxyl group of 1-Methoxy-2-propanol is protonated by the acid catalyst, making it a better leaving group.1-Methoxy-2-propanol + H+  Protonated 1-Methoxy-2-propanolStep 4: Nucleophilic attack by acetate ionAn acetate ion  CH3COO-  acts as a nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the protonated 1-Methoxy-2-propanol, displacing the water molecule as a leaving group.Protonated 1-Methoxy-2-propanol + CH3COO-  1-Methoxy-2-propyl acetate + H2OOverall, the reaction mechanism involves the protonation of propene oxide, nucleophilic attack by methanol, protonation of the resulting alcohol, and finally, nucleophilic attack by the acetate ion to form 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate  MOPA .

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