To determine the concentration of iron Fe in a water sample using cyclic voltammetry, you need to follow these steps:1. Prepare the water sample: Filter the water sample to remove any particulate matter and ensure that it is well mixed.2. Prepare the working electrode: Clean and polish the working electrode usually a glassy carbon electrode to ensure a clean and reproducible surface.3. Prepare the reference and counter electrodes: Use a suitable reference electrode such as Ag/AgCl or saturated calomel electrode and a platinum counter electrode.4. Prepare the electrolyte solution: Prepare a suitable electrolyte solution such as 0.1 M KCl to support the electrochemical reactions.5. Set up the cyclic voltammetry experiment: Connect the working, reference, and counter electrodes to a potentiostat and immerse them in the electrolyte solution.6. Add the water sample: Add a known volume of the water sample to the electrolyte solution and stir to ensure proper mixing.7. Perform the cyclic voltammetry experiment: Set the appropriate potential range, scan rate, and number of cycles for the experiment. The potential range should cover the redox potential of iron species Fe2+ and Fe3+ , and the scan rate should be chosen based on the kinetics of the redox reactions.8. Analyze the cyclic voltammogram: Identify the redox peaks corresponding to the iron species Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the voltammogram. The peak current ip is proportional to the concentration of the iron species.9. Calibration: Perform cyclic voltammetry experiments with known concentrations of iron standards to establish a calibration curve. Plot the peak current ip as a function of the iron concentration.10. Determine the iron concentration in the water sample: Use the calibration curve to determine the concentration of iron in the water sample from the measured peak current ip .Keep in mind that the actual concentration of iron in the water sample may be affected by various factors, such as the presence of other redox-active species, pH, and temperature. It is essential to optimize the experimental conditions and validate the method with certified reference materials or other analytical techniques.