To determine the composition and relative abundance of a given protein sample using electrophoresis analysis, follow these steps:1. Prepare the protein sample: First, extract the proteins from the biological source e.g., cells, tissues using appropriate extraction methods. Then, quantify the protein concentration using a protein assay, such as the Bradford or BCA assay.2. Perform SDS-PAGE Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis : This technique separates proteins based on their molecular weight. Prepare the protein sample by mixing it with a loading buffer containing SDS and a reducing agent e.g., DTT or -mercaptoethanol . Heat the sample at 95-100C for 5 minutes to denature the proteins. Load the denatured protein samples onto an SDS-PAGE gel and run the electrophoresis at a constant voltage e.g., 120V until the dye front reaches the bottom of the gel.3. Stain the gel: After electrophoresis, stain the gel with a protein-specific stain, such as Coomassie Blue or Silver Stain, to visualize the protein bands.4. Analyze the results: Using a gel documentation system or a scanner, capture an image of the stained gel. The protein bands will appear as distinct horizontal bands on the gel. The distance migrated by each protein band is inversely proportional to its molecular weight. By comparing the protein bands' migration distance to a molecular weight marker ladder run alongside the samples, you can estimate the molecular weight of each protein in the sample.5. Determine the relative abundance: Measure the intensity of each protein band using densitometry software. The intensity of a protein band is proportional to the amount of protein present. By comparing the intensities of different protein bands, you can determine the relative abundance of each protein in the sample.In summary, electrophoresis analysis allows you to determine the composition molecular weight and relative abundance of proteins in a given sample. However, it is essential to note that this method provides an estimation and may not be as accurate as other techniques, such as mass spectrometry, for protein identification and quantification.