The concentration of copper ions in a given sample of water extracted from a polluted river can significantly affect the peak current observed in a cyclic voltammogram using a copper electrode. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical technique that measures the current response of a redox-active species in this case, copper ions to a linearly varying potential applied to an electrode.In a cyclic voltammogram, the peak current is directly proportional to the concentration of the redox-active species, according to the Randles-Sevcik equation:ip = 2.69 x 10^5 * n^3/2 * A * D^1/2 * ^1/2 * Cwhere:ip = peak current A n = number of electrons transferred in the redox reaction dimensionless A = electrode surface area cm^2 D = diffusion coefficient of the redox-active species cm^2/s = scan rate V/s C = concentration of the redox-active species mol/cm^3 In this case, the redox-active species is the copper ions Cu^2+ , and the electrode is made of copper. As the concentration of copper ions in the water sample increases, the peak current observed in the cyclic voltammogram will also increase, according to the Randles-Sevcik equation.This relationship can be used to determine the concentration of copper ions in the water sample by comparing the peak current observed in the cyclic voltammogram to a calibration curve generated using known concentrations of copper ions. This can help in assessing the extent of pollution in the river and guide appropriate remediation efforts.