To determine the concentration of chloride ions in a sample solution using an ion-selective electrode ISE , you can follow these steps:1. Calibration: Prepare a series of standard solutions with known concentrations of chloride ions. These solutions will be used to create a calibration curve, which will help you determine the concentration of chloride ions in your sample solution. The concentration range of the standard solutions should cover the expected concentration range of the sample solution.2. Set up the ion-selective electrode: Connect the chloride ISE and a reference electrode such as a silver/silver chloride electrode to a pH/mV meter or an ion meter. The chloride ISE is sensitive to chloride ions and generates a potential voltage proportional to the concentration of chloride ions in the solution.3. Standardize the electrode: Immerse the chloride ISE and the reference electrode in a standard solution with a known concentration of chloride ions. Allow the potential to stabilize, and then record the potential in millivolts and the corresponding concentration in moles per liter or parts per million . Repeat this process for all the standard solutions.4. Create a calibration curve: Plot the recorded potentials y-axis against the logarithm of the corresponding chloride ion concentrations x-axis . The resulting curve should be a straight line, according to the Nernst equation. Perform a linear regression analysis to obtain the slope and intercept of the calibration curve.5. Measure the sample solution: Rinse the electrodes with distilled water and then immerse them in the sample solution. Allow the potential to stabilize, and then record the potential in millivolts .6. Determine the concentration of chloride ions: Use the calibration curve to determine the concentration of chloride ions in the sample solution. Locate the measured potential on the y-axis of the calibration curve, and then find the corresponding concentration on the x-axis by using the slope and intercept of the calibration curve.7. Calculation: If needed, convert the concentration from moles per liter or parts per million to the desired unit e.g., mg/L or g/mL .By following these steps, you can accurately determine the concentration of chloride ions in a sample solution using an ion-selective electrode.