Capillary electrophoresis CE is a powerful analytical technique that can be used to separate and analyze the composition of a sample containing multiple positively charged molecules at varying concentrations. The method is based on the differential migration of charged species in an electric field through a narrow capillary filled with an electrolyte solution.Here's how capillary electrophoresis can be utilized to analyze the composition of such a sample:1. Sample preparation: First, prepare the sample by dissolving it in an appropriate buffer solution. The buffer should be chosen based on the pH range in which the molecules of interest have a positive charge. This will ensure that the molecules will migrate towards the cathode negative electrode during the electrophoresis process.2. Capillary filling: Fill the capillary with a suitable background electrolyte BGE solution. The BGE should have a high buffering capacity and should not interact with the molecules of interest. It helps maintain a stable pH and provides a medium for the migration of the charged molecules.3. Sample injection: Inject the prepared sample into the capillary. This can be done using various methods, such as hydrodynamic injection or electrokinetic injection. The injection method and the amount of sample injected will depend on the sensitivity and resolution required for the analysis.4. Application of electric field: Apply a high voltage across the capillary, creating an electric field. The positively charged molecules in the sample will start migrating towards the cathode due to the influence of the electric field. The migration speed of each molecule will depend on its charge-to-size ratio, with smaller and more highly charged molecules migrating faster than larger and less charged molecules.5. Detection and analysis: As the molecules migrate through the capillary and reach the detection window, their presence can be detected using various detection methods, such as UV-Vis absorbance, fluorescence, or mass spectrometry. The detector records the signal as a function of time, generating an electropherogram with peaks corresponding to the different molecules in the sample.6. Data interpretation: Analyze the electropherogram to identify and quantify the positively charged molecules in the sample. The migration time of each molecule can be compared to those of known standards or calculated based on their electrophoretic mobility. The peak area or height can be used to determine the concentration of each molecule in the sample.By following these steps, capillary electrophoresis can effectively separate and analyze the composition of a sample containing multiple positively charged molecules at varying concentrations. The technique offers high resolution, sensitivity, and speed, making it a valuable tool in various fields, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and environmental analysis.