Capillary electrophoresis CE is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and quantify various components in a mixed sample, such as amino acids. It is based on the differential migration of charged species in an electric field through a narrow capillary filled with an electrolyte solution. The separation is achieved due to the differences in the electrophoretic mobility of the analytes, which depends on their charge, size, and shape.To accurately identify and quantify the different components present in a mixed sample of amino acids using capillary electrophoresis, follow these steps:1. Sample preparation: Prepare the mixed amino acid sample by dissolving it in an appropriate buffer solution. The buffer should have a pH value that ensures all amino acids are in their charged form zwitterionic form . This will enable them to migrate under the influence of an electric field.2. Capillary selection: Choose a suitable capillary for the separation. Fused silica capillaries are commonly used due to their low electroosmotic flow and high voltage tolerance. The capillary's inner diameter, length, and coating should be selected based on the specific requirements of the separation.3. Buffer selection: Select an appropriate running buffer for the separation. The buffer's pH, ionic strength, and additives should be optimized to achieve the best separation of the amino acids. The pH should be chosen such that it provides a good resolution between the amino acids with different isoelectric points pI . Additives like surfactants, organic solvents, or complexing agents can be used to improve the separation efficiency.4. Detection method: Choose a suitable detection method for the identification and quantification of the amino acids. Common detection methods include UV-absorbance, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. For amino acids that lack chromophores, derivatization can be performed to introduce a chromophore or fluorophore, which can then be detected using UV-absorbance or fluorescence detection.5. Method optimization: Optimize the capillary electrophoresis method by adjusting parameters such as voltage, temperature, and injection time to achieve the best separation and resolution of the amino acids. This can be done through trial and error or by using experimental design approaches.6. Data analysis: After performing the capillary electrophoresis run, analyze the electropherogram a plot of detector signal versus migration time to identify and quantify the different amino acids in the sample. The migration time of each amino acid can be compared to a set of known standards to identify the specific amino acid. The peak area or height can be used to quantify the concentration of each amino acid in the sample, using a calibration curve obtained from a series of known concentrations of each amino acid.By following these steps and optimizing the capillary electrophoresis method, it is possible to accurately identify and quantify the different components present in a mixed sample of amino acids.