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Calculate the lattice energy of magnesium oxide (MgO) given that the ionic radii for Mg2+ and O2- are 0.72 Å and 1.40 Å respectively, and the lattice energy of MgO is -3795 kJ/mol.

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The lattice energy of an ionic compound can be calculated using the Born-Lande equation:LE = -N *  M * Z+ * Z- * e^2  /  4 *  * 0 * r0 Where:LE = Lattice energyN = Avogadro's number  6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1 M = Madelung constant  for MgO, M = 1.748 Z+ = Charge of the cation  Mg2+ = +2 Z- = Charge of the anion  O2- = -2 e = Elementary charge  1.602 x 10^-19 C 0 = Vacuum permittivity  8.854 x 10^-12 C^2 J^-1 m^-1 r0 = Distance between ions  sum of ionic radii First, we need to find the distance between the ions  r0 . The ionic radii for Mg2+ and O2- are given as 0.72  and 1.40 , respectively. To find r0, we need to convert the radii to meters and then add them together:r0 =  0.72  + 1.40   *  1 x 10^-10 m/ r0 =  2.12   *  1 x 10^-10 m/ r0 = 2.12 x 10^-10 mNow we can plug the values into the Born-Lande equation:LE = -N *  M * Z+ * Z- * e^2  /  4 *  * 0 * r0 LE = - 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1  *  1.748  *  2  *  -2  *  1.602 x 10^-19 C ^2 /  4 *  *  8.854 x 10^-12 C^2 J^-1 m^-1  *  2.12 x 10^-10 m  LE = -2.097 x 10^6 J/molTo convert the lattice energy from J/mol to kJ/mol, we divide by 1000:LE = -2.097 x 10^6 J/mol *  1 kJ / 1000 J LE = -2097 kJ/molThe calculated lattice energy of magnesium oxide  MgO  is approximately -2097 kJ/mol. However, the given lattice energy of MgO is -3795 kJ/mol. This discrepancy may be due to the approximations used in the Born-Lande equation or the ionic radii values provided. In practice, experimental values are often used to refine these calculations.

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