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Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction that occurs when a nickel electrode is placed in a solution containing 1.0 M of nickel ions and 1.0 M of copper ions. The nickel electrode was placed in the solution, and the cell potential was measured to be 0.21 V at 25 °C.

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To calculate the equilibrium constant  K  for the reaction, we can use the Nernst equation:E = E -  RT/nF  * ln Q Where:E = cell potential  0.21 V E = standard cell potentialR = gas constant  8.314 J/molK T = temperature  25 C = 298 K n = number of electrons transferredF = Faraday's constant  96,485 C/mol Q = reaction quotientFirst, we need to determine the balanced redox reaction. The half-reactions for nickel and copper are:Ni + 2e  Ni  reduction Cu + 2e  Cu  reduction Since we are given that the nickel electrode is placed in a solution containing both nickel and copper ions, the nickel will be oxidized, and the copper will be reduced. The balanced redox reaction is:Ni + Cu  Ni + CuNow, we need to find the standard cell potential  E . The standard reduction potentials for the half-reactions are:Ni + 2e  Ni, E = -0.25 VCu + 2e  Cu, E = +0.34 VSince nickel is being oxidized, we need to reverse the sign of its standard reduction potential:Ni  Ni + 2e, E = +0.25 VNow, we can calculate the standard cell potential  E  for the overall reaction:E = E reduction  - E oxidation  = 0.34 V - 0.25 V = 0.09 VNext, we need to find the reaction quotient  Q . For the reaction:Ni + Cu  Ni + CuQ = [Ni]/[Cu] = 1.0/1.0 = 1Now, we can use the Nernst equation to solve for the equilibrium constant  K :0.21 V = 0.09 V -  8.314 J/molK * 298 K /  2 * 96,485 C/mol   * ln K Rearrange the equation to solve for K:ln K  =  0.21 V - 0.09 V  *  2 * 96,485 C/mol  /  8.314 J/molK * 298 K ln K  = 0.12 V *  192,970 C/mol  /  2,471 J/molK ln K  = 9.37Now, take the exponent of both sides to solve for K:K = e^9.37  1.17  10^4The equilibrium constant  K  for the reaction is approximately 1.17  10^4.

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