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Calculate the dipole moment of carbon dioxide molecule and determine its polarity.

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Carbon dioxide  CO2  is a linear molecule with a carbon atom in the center and an oxygen atom on each side. The electronegativity of carbon is 2.55, and the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44. The difference in electronegativity between carbon and oxygen is 3.44 - 2.55 = 0.89.Dipole moment    is calculated using the formula: = bond length  d   bond dipole  Q The bond length  d  between carbon and oxygen in CO2 is approximately 1.16   1.16  10^-10 m . The bond dipole  Q  can be calculated using the formula:Q = charge  e   electronegativity differenceThe charge  e  of an electron is 1.6  10^-19 C. Therefore, the bond dipole  Q  is:Q =  1.6  10^-19 C   0.89 = 1.424  10^-19 CNow, we can calculate the dipole moment    for one C=O bond: =  1.16  10^-10 m    1.424  10^-19 C  = 1.65  10^-29 CmHowever, since CO2 is a linear molecule, the dipole moments of the two C=O bonds are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. This means that the overall dipole moment of the CO2 molecule is zero:_total = 1 + 2 = 1.65  10^-29 Cm - 1.65  10^-29 Cm = 0 CmSince the overall dipole moment of the CO2 molecule is zero, it is a nonpolar molecule.
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