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A student performs a chemical reaction between 12.5 grams of magnesium and 15.0 grams of hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. If the theoretical yield of magnesium chloride is 25.7 grams, calculate the percent yield of the reaction.

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To calculate the percent yield of the reaction, we first need to determine the limiting reactant and the actual yield of magnesium chloride.1. Determine the moles of reactants:Moles of magnesium  Mg  = mass / molar massMg has a molar mass of 24.31 g/mol.Moles of Mg = 12.5 g / 24.31 g/mol = 0.514 molMoles of hydrochloric acid  HCl  = mass / molar massHCl has a molar mass of 36.46 g/mol.Moles of HCl = 15.0 g / 36.46 g/mol = 0.411 mol2. Determine the limiting reactant:The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mol of Mg reacts with 2 mol of HCl. Therefore, we need to compare the mole ratio of Mg to HCl to determine the limiting reactant.Mole ratio of Mg to HCl = 0.514 mol Mg / 0.411 mol HCl = 1.25Since the mole ratio is greater than 1, HCl is the limiting reactant.3. Calculate the actual yield of magnesium chloride  MgCl2 :Using the stoichiometry from the balanced equation, 2 mol of HCl produces 1 mol of MgCl2. Therefore, we can calculate the moles of MgCl2 produced:Moles of MgCl2 = 0.411 mol HCl *  1 mol MgCl2 / 2 mol HCl  = 0.2055 mol MgCl2Now, convert the moles of MgCl2 to grams:Mass of MgCl2 = moles * molar massMgCl2 has a molar mass of 95.21 g/mol.Mass of MgCl2 = 0.2055 mol * 95.21 g/mol = 19.56 g4. Calculate the percent yield:Percent yield =  actual yield / theoretical yield  * 100Percent yield =  19.56 g / 25.7 g  * 100 = 76.1%The percent yield of the reaction is 76.1%.

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