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A student mixed 0.1 M solution of NH3 and 0.1 M solution of NH4Cl to form a buffer solution of NH3/NH4+. If the initial pH of the solution is 9.25, what will be the final pH of the solution when 0.01 moles of HCl is added? (Assume the volume of the solution is constant).

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To solve this problem, we will use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA] where pH is the final pH of the solution, pKa is the acid dissociation constant, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base  NH3 , and [HA] is the concentration of the conjugate acid  NH4+ .First, we need to find the pKa of the NH3/NH4+ buffer system. The Kb  base dissociation constant  of NH3 is 1.8 x 10^-5. We can find the Ka  acid dissociation constant  of NH4+ using the relationship:Ka * Kb = Kwwhere Kw is the ion product of water  1.0 x 10^-14 . Ka = Kw / Kb =  1.0 x 10^-14  /  1.8 x 10^-5  = 5.56 x 10^-10Now we can find the pKa:pKa = -log Ka  = -log 5.56 x 10^-10  = 9.25Next, we need to find the initial moles of NH3 and NH4+ in the solution. Since the volume of the solution is constant, we can use the initial concentrations to find the moles:moles of NH3 = 0.1 M * volumemoles of NH4+ = 0.1 M * volumeNow, when we add 0.01 moles of HCl, it will react with NH3 to form NH4+:NH3 + HCl  NH4+ + Cl-moles of NH3  final  = 0.1 M * volume - 0.01 molesmoles of NH4+  final  = 0.1 M * volume + 0.01 molesSince the volume is constant, we can find the final concentrations by dividing the final moles by the volume:[NH3]  final  =  0.1 M * volume - 0.01 moles  / volume[NH4+]  final  =  0.1 M * volume + 0.01 moles  / volumeNow we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the final pH:pH = pKa + log [NH3]  final  / [NH4+]  final  pH = 9.25 + log   0.1 M * volume - 0.01 moles  / volume  /   0.1 M * volume + 0.01 moles  / volume  Since the volume is constant, we can simplify the equation:pH = 9.25 + log  0.1 M * volume - 0.01 moles  /  0.1 M * volume + 0.01 moles  Now we can plug in the values and solve for the final pH:pH = 9.25 + log  0.1 * volume - 0.01  /  0.1 * volume + 0.01  Since the volume is constant and we are only interested in the change in pH, we can ignore the volume term:pH = 9.25 + log  0.1 - 0.01  /  0.1 + 0.01  pH = 9.25 + log 0.09 / 0.11 pH  9.25 - 0.10pH  9.15So, the final pH of the solution after adding 0.01 moles of HCl is approximately 9.15.

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