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A solution containing 0.1 M acetic acid and 0.1 M sodium acetate has a pH of 4.5. If 0.02 moles of hydrochloric acid is added to the solution, what will be the pH of the solution after equilibrium is reached? (Given pKa of acetic acid = 4.76)

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To solve this problem, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:pH = pKa + log  [A-]/[HA] where pH is the solution's pH, pKa is the acid dissociation constant, [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base  acetate ion , and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid  acetic acid .Initially, the pH is 4.5, and the pKa of acetic acid is 4.76. We can plug these values into the equation to find the initial ratio of [A-]/[HA]:4.5 = 4.76 + log  [A-]/[HA] Rearranging the equation, we get:log  [A-]/[HA]  = -0.26Taking the antilog of both sides:[A-]/[HA] = 10^-0.26   0.55Now, let's consider the addition of 0.02 moles of HCl. The HCl will react with the sodium acetate  the conjugate base  to form acetic acid and sodium chloride:NaCH3COO + HCl  CH3COOH + NaClSince both acetic acid and sodium acetate have initial concentrations of 0.1 M, we can calculate the new concentrations after the reaction:[A-] = 0.1 - 0.02 = 0.08 M  sodium acetate [HA] = 0.1 + 0.02 = 0.12 M  acetic acid Now we can plug these new concentrations back into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:pH = 4.76 + log  [A-]/[HA] pH = 4.76 + log  0.08/0.12 pH = 4.76 - 0.41pH  4.35So, after adding 0.02 moles of HCl, the pH of the solution will be approximately 4.35.

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