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A chemistry student wants to determine the bond enthalpy of hydrogen gas (H2). They have access to an experimental setup which can be used to measure the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction. How can the student determine the bond enthalpy of H2 using this setup?

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The student can determine the bond enthalpy of hydrogen gas  H2  by conducting a reaction in which hydrogen gas is either formed or consumed, and then measuring the enthalpy change of that reaction using the experimental setup. One suitable reaction for this purpose is the reaction between hydrogen gas and halogens, such as chlorine or iodine, to form hydrogen halides  HCl or HI .Here's a step-by-step procedure for the student to follow:1. Choose a suitable reaction: For example, the student can use the reaction between hydrogen gas  H2  and chlorine gas  Cl2  to form hydrogen chloride  HCl  gas:   H2 g  + Cl2 g   2HCl g 2. Measure the initial amounts of reactants: Accurately measure the initial amounts of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas to be used in the reaction. Make sure to use stoichiometric amounts to ensure complete reaction.3. Set up the experimental apparatus: Set up the experimental setup to measure the enthalpy change of the reaction. This can be done using a calorimeter, which measures the heat absorbed or released during the reaction.4. Perform the reaction: Mix the hydrogen gas and chlorine gas in the calorimeter and allow the reaction to proceed to completion. The reaction is exothermic, meaning it will release heat.5. Measure the enthalpy change: Record the temperature change of the calorimeter during the reaction. Using the temperature change, the mass of the reactants, and the specific heat capacity of the substances involved, calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction  H .6. Calculate the bond enthalpy of H2: Since the reaction involves breaking one mole of H2 bonds and forming two moles of H-Cl bonds, the bond enthalpy of H2 can be calculated using the following equation:   Bond enthalpy of H2 = [ H - 2  bond enthalpy of H-Cl  / -1]Note that the bond enthalpy of H-Cl can be found in literature or chemistry reference books.By following these steps, the student can determine the bond enthalpy of hydrogen gas  H2  using the experimental setup.

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