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A chemistry student n

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To determine the concentration of iron  II  ions in the original solution, the student should follow these steps:1. Prepare a series of standard solutions with known concentrations of iron  II  ions by dissolving known masses of iron  II  sulfate in water and diluting to known volumes. 2. Measure the absorbance of each standard solution using a colorimeter at a specific wavelength  usually around 510 nm for iron  II  ions . Record the absorbance values.3. Plot a calibration curve by graphing the absorbance values  y-axis  against the known concentrations of iron  II  ions  x-axis . The curve should be a straight line, and the equation of the line can be determined using linear regression  y = mx + b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept .4. Measure the absorbance of the unknown sample using the colorimeter at the same wavelength as the standard solutions.5. Use the equation of the calibration curve to convert the absorbance of the unknown sample to concentration. For example, if the absorbance of the unknown sample is A, the concentration of iron  II  ions in the sample can be calculated as  A - b  / m.6. Calculate the percentage error of the experiment by comparing the experimental concentration of iron  II  ions to the theoretical concentration  based on the known mass of iron  II  sulfate and the volume of the solution . The percentage error can be calculated as:Percentage error =  |Experimental concentration - Theoretical concentration| / Theoretical concentration  x 100%To improve the accuracy of the results, the student can:1. Use more accurate equipment, such as a spectrophotometer instead of a colorimeter, to measure absorbance.2. Increase the number of standard solutions to obtain a more accurate calibration curve.3. Ensure that all glassware and equipment are clean and free of contaminants.4. Use a more accurate method for weighing the iron  II  sulfate and for measuring the volumes of the solutions.5. Repeat the experiment multiple times and calculate the average concentration to minimize random errors.

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