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A chemistry student is provided with two coordination compounds - [Co(NH3)4Cl2] and [Co(NH3)5Cl] - and is asked to identify the type(s) of isomerism exhibited by these compounds. Can you determine the type(s) of isomerism present in each compound and explain how they are different from each other?

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Yes, I can help determine the type s  of isomerism present in each compound and explain how they are different from each other.1. [Co NH3 4Cl2]: This compound exhibits geometrical isomerism, specifically cis-trans isomerism  also known as fac-mer isomerism in octahedral complexes . In this case, the two chloride ions  Cl  can either be adjacent to each other  cis  or opposite to each other  trans  in the octahedral arrangement around the cobalt  Co  atom. The cis and trans isomers have different physical and chemical properties.2. [Co NH3 5Cl]: This compound exhibits optical isomerism. Optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, also known as enantiomers. In this case, the arrangement of the five ammonia  NH3  ligands and one chloride ion  Cl  around the cobalt  Co  atom can form two enantiomers that are mirror images of each other. These enantiomers can rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions, making them optically active.In summary, [Co NH3 4Cl2] exhibits geometrical isomerism  cis-trans isomerism , while [Co NH3 5Cl] exhibits optical isomerism. These types of isomerism are different because geometrical isomers have different spatial arrangements of ligands around the central metal atom, while optical isomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.

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