To determine the concentration of copper ions in the 500 mL solution of copper sulfate, the student can perform a titration using sodium hydroxide NaOH as the titrant. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper sulfate CuSO4 and sodium hydroxide is:CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu OH 2 + Na2SO4Here's the step-by-step procedure:1. Prepare a standard solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH of known concentration, for example, 0.1 M.2. Pipette a known volume e.g., 25 mL of the copper sulfate solution into a conical flask.3. Add a few drops of an appropriate indicator, such as phenolphthalein, to the copper sulfate solution.4. Titrate the copper sulfate solution with the sodium hydroxide solution until the endpoint is reached the solution turns a faint pink color that persists for 30 seconds .5. Record the volume of sodium hydroxide solution used to reach the endpoint.Now, use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the volume of NaOH used to calculate the concentration of copper ions in the solution:1. Calculate the moles of NaOH used in the titration:moles of NaOH = volume of NaOH L concentration of NaOH mol/L 2. Use the stoichiometry of the reaction to find the moles of CuSO4:moles of CuSO4 = moles of NaOH 2 since 1 mole of CuSO4 reacts with 2 moles of NaOH 3. Calculate the concentration of CuSO4 in the 25 mL aliquot:concentration of CuSO4 mol/L = moles of CuSO4 volume of aliquot L 4. Calculate the concentration of CuSO4 in the original 500 mL solution:Since the aliquot was taken from the original solution, the concentration of CuSO4 in the original solution is the same as in the aliquot.5. Finally, since the concentration of copper ions Cu is the same as the concentration of CuSO4, the concentration of copper ions in the 500 mL solution is the same as the calculated concentration of CuSO4.By following these steps, the student can determine the concentration of copper ions in the 500 mL solution of copper sulfate using mass balance calculations.