anterior air sacs
Figure 39.14 a Birds have a flow-through respiratory system in which air flows unidirectionally from the posterior sacs into the lungs, then into the anterior air sacs. The air sacs connect to openings in hollow bones. b Dinosaurs, from which birds descended, have similar hollow bones and are believed to have had a similar respiratory system. credit b: modification of work by Zina Deretsky, National Science Foundation .